Cotton pulp cellulose and butyl methacrylate were used as the main raw materials to synthesize cellulose/butylmethacrylate graft polymer (Cell-g-PBMA) via homogeneous ATRP method, after which the graft polymer was dissolved in N, N-dimethylacetamide to prepare a spinning solution, and the novel oil-absorbent Cell-g-PBMA graft polymer fibers were spun by wet-spinning method. The morphology of the polymer fibers before and after oil absorption was analyzed using a high-powered microscope and scanning electron microscope and the saturated oil absorption rate as well as buoyancy recovery of the fiber products were also studied. The results showed that Cell-g-PBMA polymer fibers had a rough surface and exhibited a void network structure that was specific to oil-absorbent materials. The saturated absorption rates of the Cell-g-PBMA polymer fibers for crude oil, vegetable oil, dichloromethane and diesel were 96.5, 78.7, 38.4, and 27.2 g/g, respectively, which were about 3-6 times that of a commercial polypropylene sorbent. The Cell-g-PBMA fibers also displayed excellent oil/water selectivity and high buoyancy recovery in the clean-up of oil over water. Its excellent oil absorbency demonstrated oil absorbent characteristics of both traditional oil-absorbing materials and synthetic oil-absorbing resins, rendering it an excellent fibrous oil-absorbent material.

Aseries of superabsorbent composites were synthesized through graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in the presence of celite powder using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a cross-linking agent and ammonium persulphate (APS) as an initiator. The chemical structure and thermal properties of the composite hydrogels were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and TGA methods, respectively. Morphology of the samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In free-state, the swelling conditions and hence the related data are not real, because in all their applications the swelling particles of superabsorbent must absorb aqueous solutions while they are under pressure. Therefore, the effect of the reaction variables (such as monomer and cross-linker concentrations and CMC/celite weight ratio) on the saline-absorbency under load (AUL) application was investigated. The AUL values were estimated using a simple AUL tester at two different pressures (0.3 and 0.9 psi). Surprisingly, the new synthesized composite samples exhibited about 86 g/g absorbency in 0.9% NaCl solution under 0.3 psi pressure. The AUL values considerably decreased with increasing the MBA concentration, 53.4 g/g (CMC/celite=0.5/1.5 and P=0.3 psi) vs. 42.4 g/g (CMC/celite=0.5/1.5 and P=0.3 psi). The ionic monomers increased saline-absorbency under load significantly and the effects of parameters such as monomer and cross-linker concentrations, and CMC/celite weight ratio were not considerably different from the free swelling. Therefore, this new synthesized composite may be considered as an excellent candidate for various industrial applications.

With rapid development of information technology (IT) and further deepening of informationization construction, more and more enterprises have realized the strategic value of IT and made great investments in it. However, during the IT implementation process, decision-making, adaptation degree, and IT performance are often inferior to the anticipation. The assimilation of technology can be defined by the extent to which the use of Information technology spreads across organizational processes and becomes routinized in activities. Capabilities of information technology play crucial role in an ever-changing environment and are considered as one of the most important sources for enterprises while enterprises should acquire some effective capabilities so that they can effectively deploy and utilize information technology. But companies need to increase their Absorbency of IT to accept it for effective use of IT, since the acquisition and use of information technology is simply not feasible and any information technology does not create value. The purpose of this investigation is to represent a model to measure absorbency of information technology in small and medium-sized enterprises. To do so, dimensions of the "absorbency of information technology" was determined through exploratory factor analysis in a survey research and confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm model validity. Findings show that three dimensions are related to absorbency of information technology including the capability for innovative technology, Inside-Out IT capability and IT management capability, among which the capability for innovative technology has the highest correlation with the concept of absorbency of information technology.

This research paper deals with the graft copolymerisation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) on the backbone of Meizotropis Pellita fibres (MPF), which was successfully carried out under aqueous medium using Fenton's reagent [ferrous ammonium sulphate (FAS) (8. 0 , × , 10–, 3 M) and H2O2 (0. 12 M)] as a redox initiator to impart hydrophobic properties. Grafting was optimized under different conditions concerning time, temperature, monomer ratio, material to liquor ratio and initiator concentration. Maximum graft yield percentage obtained was 120%. The grafted MPF was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The FTIR spectroscopic data showed a peak at 1728 cm−, 1 of C=O (ester), and another peak at 1650 cm−, 1 of adsorbed water, which was absent in the grafted fibre. The grafted fibre showed excellent thermal stability with an overall weight loss of 56. 5% with a char residue of 33. 5%. In addition, X-ray diffraction of MMA-grafted MPF showed 21% crystallinity and crystallinity index of 0. 16. These raw and grafted fibres were also subjected to physico-chemical properties like moisture absorbance, swelling behaviour and chemical resistance, which they showed that MMA-grafted MPF exhibited hydrophobic properties. Therefore, due to this hydrophobic behaviour, the oil absorbency of MMA-grafted MPF was studied towards four emulsions: crude oil–, saline, engine oil–, saline, diesel oil–, saline and used engine oil–, saline. An MMA-grafted MPF by 120% absorbed 23. 60 g of crude oil in the first cycle, 17. 41 g in the second cycle and 14. 21 g in the third cycle, whereas 13. 14 g of diesel oil was absorbed in the first cycle, 8. 24 g in the second cycle and 5. 25 g in the third cycle. Similarly, 20. 14 g of engine oil was absorbed in the first cycle, 10. 00 g in the second cycle and 7. 51 g in the third cycle. Lastly, 19. 80 g of the engine oil was absorbed in the first cycle, 12. 25 g in the second cycle and 7. 98 g in the third cycle. These results showed that the oil removal efficiency of the grafted MPF was intact by oil fraction type and they can be applied for all kinds of oil fraction spillage.

The fast-swelling porous starch-g-poly (acrylic acid) (St-g-PAA) superabsorbents were prepared simply by free-radical graft polymerization between acrylic acid and potato starch in the aqueous phase by using Triton X-100 as the pore-forming agent. The porous superabsorbents were characterized by FTIR and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of weight ratio of acrylic acid to starch and the Triton X-100 content on water absorbency were investigated. In addition, the effects of Triton X-100 on swelling rate, water absorbency in 0.9 % NaCl and in the artificial urine solution, and reswelling ability were studied in detail. The superabsorbent prepared with an acrylic acid/starch ratio of 6:1 and a Triton X-100 content of 0.4 % has a water absorbency of 683 g g-1 in distilled water and 72.8 g g-1 in 0.9 % NaCl. The content of Triton X-100 has great influence on the water absorbency and the swelling rate. The porous sample prepared with 0.4 % Triton X-100 only needs about 5 min to reach 80 % of its equilibrium water absorbency which is obviously shorter in comparison with the nonporous sample (about 90 min). The porous samples also show nice urine absorbency and excellent reswelling ability. We believe the reported method may find some applications in preparing novel porous hydrogels.

A Comparative study of the absorbency properties of different brands of endodontic paper points (Diadent, Roeko, Ariadent, Ali) has been conducted. Four brands of standardized absorbent paper points were tested. 30 paper points of each brand (size 40) were selected randomly and each dry paper points were weighted using a laboratory balance with 10-5 gr accuracy. A length of 16mm from the tip was then lowered in normal saline for 5 seconds. The moist paper points were weighted again and the differences between two measurements were taken.In the second method we used lower premolar human teeth which were prepared endodonticaly (MAF=40 & Flaring = 60).Before drying with each paper points, the tooth canal was washed with 10cc of normal saline. And the difference between dry weight and postimmersion weight were measured.In both methods Diadent shows the highest absorbency properties then Roeko and Airadent & Ali but were not statisticaly significant.According to intracanal method Diadent has absorbed 965.333xI0-5gr of normal sa line & Ariadent 855.8´10-5 gr & Roeko 845.667´10-5 gr Ali 443.8´10-5gr.According to other method Diadent has absorbed 972.8´I0-5gr of normal saline & Roeko 866.4´I0-5gr & Ariadent 588.133´I0-5gr.